Mu myaka yashize, kwibanda ku nganda z’ubutaka bwiyongereye ku buryo bwihuse, kandi ibigo byinshi bifite igipimo nk'iki mu myaka mike ishize byafunguye urutonde rw’ikinyuranyo kinini muri iyi myaka ibiri.Umupaka w’umutwe, ikibuno, uruganda rwo hasi uragenda ugaragara neza, ukurikije imibare ituzuye, uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa ruzimira mu nganda mu myaka itatu ishize ni rugera ku magana, ikirango nyamukuru cy’igurisha ry’umwaka urenga miliyoni 300 ni yagabanutseho 80% cyangwa arenga, kandi ubu bwoko bwo gutandukanya ntibushobora gusa kubona iherezo, birihuta ubudahwema ndetse.
Ukurikije icyerekezo gishya cya politiki y’igihugu, iyi nzira yo gutandukanya byihuse no kurandurwa bidasubirwaho, bivuze ko mu myaka mike iri imbere, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibigo bizavaho.Hariho inzira ebyiri zingenzi zo kuva mubucuruzi: imwe nugufunga uruganda muburyo butaziguye, kandi ubushobozi bwumusaruro ushaje udafite agaciro ko guhinduka ukurwaho muburyo butaziguye;Ikindi ni uko uruganda rugikoreshwa, ariko ntirukoreshwa n’umushinga wambere utanga umusaruro, ahubwo uhujwe n’ibindi bigo muburyo bwo guhuza, uruganda rwamasezerano cyangwa umurongo wamasezerano.Igikorwa cyo gukuraho ubushobozi bwumusaruro ushaje hamwe ninganda zidakora neza byanze bikunze biherekejwe nububabare cyangwa ihungabana rito, ariko kandi ni ingirakamaro kumajyambere meza yinganda muri rusange.
Ubu hariho imishinga myinshi yubukorikori bwambere mubuzima, ariko idashaka kubireka burundu, kugirango ikomeze kubaho, ndetse no munsi yikiguzi cyiza cyibicuruzwa.Urebye ibaruramari ryimari, igiciro cyikigo kigomba kuzirikana ibyakoreshejwe byose.Ariko, niba igiciro cyo kugurisha kiri munsi yikiguzi cyiza, gusa amafaranga yo gushora imari ataziguye arabaze.Igihe cyose amafaranga asigaye ari asagutse, isosiyete itinyuka kugurisha ku giciro gito.Kandi igice cy'amafaranga asagutse yavuye mubirarane bidakira kubatanga isoko.
Nka politiki y’inganda n’ingamba zo gukaza umurego inganda z’ubutaka mu turere dutandukanye, bisa no kwica ubu bwoko bw’imicungire ihendutse bizaba byinshi kandi bidashoboka, imisoro, kurengera ibidukikije ni byinshi kandi birasanzwe kandi bikomeye, lisansi n’amashanyarazi y’ibanze nk'igiciro nacyo kigenda gishyirwa mubikorwa muburyo butandukanye, cyane cyane intego yo kohereza imyuka ya karubone ku mbogamizi zikomeye, birashoboka ko aribwo bwatsi bwa nyuma, Ibi bizatangira kubaho mu 20022. Gukuramo imbaga y’ibigo bifite ibibazo by’imbere mu gihugu na diplomasi bizaba byiza rwose. iterambere ryiza ryinganda.By'umwihariko, nyuma yuko ibyo bigo bidahungabana bimaze kuvaho, inganda zizagera ku buringanire bushya hagati y’ibitangwa n’ibisabwa, bigabanye cyane ingaruka mbi z’ibicuruzwa bikabije, ibigo by’ibumba bikiriho birashobora kongera kugenzura ingufu z’ibiciro ku rugero runaka.Ikigereranyo cyiza cyane ni uko mu myaka mike iri imbere, inganda zose zigabanya kimwe cya kabiri cy’ubushobozi bw’umusaruro n’umusaruro, ariko igiciro cyo hagati nacyo cyikubye kabiri, noneho umusaruro rusange w’inganda nturacyahinduka, ariko inganda zizaba zisanzwe kandi ufite ubuzima bwiza.
Hariho umusemburo munini wo kongera inganda: inganda.Hamwe n'inkunga y'ishoramari, imbaraga zo guhuza ibigo zateye imbere cyane, zirimo gutangiza no kubikuza.Ubu buryo bwo gutangiza no gusohoka bushobora gutuma ibigo byayobora binini kandi bikomeye kandi byihutisha iterambere ry’inganda.
Gutwarwa nigishoro gikuru, inzira yubwihindurize yihuta izihuta cyane.Ku ruhande rumwe, igishoro gitanga uburyo bwiza, bworoshye kandi bwuzuye bwo guhanahana inyungu.Bamwe mu banyamigabane bashaje badashobora kugendana numuvuduko witerambere ryumushinga barashobora gusohoka muburyo bwamafaranga cyangwa imigabane, bishobora kuzirikana inyungu zimpande zose no kwirinda amakimbirane.Ku rundi ruhande, gusohoka bisobanura kandi ko isosiyete ishobora gukora umwanya wo kumenyekanisha impano nyinshi zujuje ibyifuzo by’iterambere ry’ikigo, cyane cyane abakozi ba tekinike babigize umwuga n’abakozi bashinzwe imiyoborere baturutse mu zindi nzego.Igishoro gishobora kandi guteza imbere kwishyira hamwe kwinshi hamwe nubumwe, nkibigo byububumbyi ninganda zitanga ibikoresho byo munzu, guhuza nibindi.Umwaka ushize, umuvuduko wo kwibumbira mu nganda zubutaka urihuta cyane, nka Mona Lisa, Dongpeng, ikirango cya Eagle nibindi bigo nibikorwa byinshi.Shaka ejo hazaza hazarushaho kugaragara, kandi iyi myumvire izagenda irushaho kuba rusange, ikigo gikuru gikeneye kunonosora imiterere no kwaguka byihuse, m & a ninzira yihuta kandi igiciro ni gito, wenyine mubucuruzi bugoye, umugurisha nawe afite amafaranga akomeye ugereranije cyangwa gusubiza inyuma ibyifuzo byibiti binini nibyiza kubusa uretse igicucu, Kuberako amashyaka agira uruhare mukwishyira hamwe afite ibyo akeneye, biroroshye kuyikuramo kandi kwibanda ku nganda bizabikora kwiyongera ku muvuduko udasanzwe.
Birakwiye ko twitondera ko kwibumbira hamwe no kugura hagati yinganda bidasaba byanze bikunze inzira yo kugura byimazeyo, ariko akenshi usanga bafite ubushake bwo kwemeza guhuza, byoroshye kugera ku ntsinzi-nyigisho.Impamvu iroroshye cyane, kubera ko ibigo bimwe na bimwe bigumana imiterere yabyo irushanwa hamwe nibyiza byaho, ariko birashobora kuba ibikorwa byabo byubucuruzi ntabwo byumvikana, imbaraga zuzuye ntabwo zikomeye, bikavamo iterambere rusange ryikibazo, bityo rero bakeneye shaka kwishingikiriza, inyungu zabo zo guhatanira zashizwe muri sisitemu nini.Ubu bwoko bwo guhuza no kugura mubyukuri ni ubwoko bwa horizontal ihuza, niyo yaba nini cyangwa nto, ariko ntabwo iri mumikino.Mubyukuri, barikumwe muburyo bwubumwe nubushyuhe.Icyakora, nyuma ya byose, impande zombi zashyizeho umubano wo kugenzura no kugenzura, bityo icyerekezo cyubucuruzi cyishyaka ryabonye kigomba kubahiriza ingamba rusange zishyaka rigenzura.
Ikidashobora kwirengagizwa nuko inzira yo guhuza no kugura hamwe nigishoro nkuko inkwano nayo igira ingaruka mbi.Imwe iyobora intego.Igishoro gikunda gukurikirana inyungu nyinshi iyo zinjiye ku isoko.Muri iki gihe, igishoro gishobora gufata icyerekezo cyumushinga.Ahanini bakunda gushaka tuyere, cyane cyane umurwa mukuru nurundi ruhande rwa tuyere ni ibyago, nubwo rero igishoro kizatuma habaho guhuza umutungo mwinshi harimo gutera inkunga hamwe nubushobozi bwo guhangana ningaruka, ariko imishinga iyoboye imishinga, birashoboka cyane ko wasuzugura u uruganda rufite ubushobozi bwa sisitemu, ingaruka zo kuyobora ntizigabanuka, ariko kwiyongera cyane.Icya kabiri, uruganda rufite umutungo wihariye hamwe nimpano yubushobozi.Nukuri ni umwuga kandi ufite ubuhanga murwego rwumwimerere, ariko ntibishobora guhuzwa ninzira nshya nintego nshya.Ndetse ibigo byatsinze inganda nabyo bifite ibibazo nkibi.
Ikirenzeho, ukurikije imigendekere yinganda mumyaka ibiri ishize, gutsinda byihuse birashobora kugorana kubigeraho.Kuki?Kuberako nta burambe bwo gukurikiza, tutitaye ku miterere mpuzamahanga, politiki yigihugu, uburyo bwo guhatanira amasoko ku isoko, ikoranabuhanga, icyifuzo cy’abaguzi, impinduka zikomeye mu myaka mirongo itatu mbere, ibyiza byagerageje, intsinzi nayo yaratsinze, inganda zububumbyi bwasimbuye Uwiteka kurikira nonaha, abantu bose mumuri), static yiziritse kumusaza oya.Guhuma buhumyi guhanga udushya ntabwo ari byiza, nyuma yumugambi wo kwimuka, gukora ibyo umuntu ashoboye, ninzira ihamye kandi itera imbere.
Duhereye ku majyambere yiterambere ryinganda zubutaka mumyaka yashize, ibigo bikuru kwagura byihuse ni ugushingira kumiyoboro yubuhanga, cyane cyane gukora ubucukuzi.Ubu buryo budasanzwe bwo kwaguka byihuse, kubyutsa byoroshye kandi bidafite ishingiro, nubwo ingaruka zigihe gito zigaragara, ariko kandi birashoboka cyane ko byakwikomeretsa, mubyukuri ntibishoboka.DaTiLiang inganda zubutaka, ndizera ko zishaka gukora, ariko ntizifite umubyibuho ukabije, ntizishobora kwishingikiriza cyane kumiyoboro yintambara yoroshye kandi yubugome, inzira zifatika zo gushora imari nkuko ihuriro rinyuranya nogutanga hamwe, kugirango bitezimbere ubushobozi bwa sisitemu nagaciro ka serivisi, abantu bose bahuza ubushobozi bwisoko murwego rwo kwifuza.
Vuga impinduka nke zishobora kubaho muguhuza inganda zubutaka.
Inzira yo kwaguka byihuse binyuze mu kugura imitungo itimukanwa izagabanywa ku buryo bugaragara, ariko ibigo b-bizakomeza kwiganza.Kuberako ntabwo sisitemu ya serivise gusa, sisitemu yumuyoboro, ibyangombwa bisabwa kimwe na sisitemu yo gutanga amasoko nibindi, ikirango cyumutwe kimaze gukora inyungu igaragara, ndetse cyane cyane, ibigo bikuru mubijyanye nigiciro ni uguhindura ibyabanje imbogamizi, kubera ko isosiyete nkuru ninganda zishoboye cyane gukora umurongo mushya wumusaruro uhindura tekinoloji, ishingiro rishya, gahunda kandi yibanda cyane, Irashobora gushimangira ingaruka nini yumusaruro, ituze ryiza hamwe nigiciro cyo gucunga umusaruro nabyo bizagabanuka.
Byongeye kandi, politiki y’inganda mu kongera ingufu z’inganda zihererekanyabubasha, hashingiwe kuri politiki ikaze y’inganda, amasosiyete akomeye akunda kugira ibikoresho byinshi, impamyabumenyi n’amafaranga, harimo n’umurwa mukuru, nyuma y’ikurikiranwa ry’ibintu byose byiza bizakomeza shiraho inyungu yikiguzi, kandi uruganda rwasubiye inyuma rushaka kugumana urwego rwambere rwibiciro byaba bigoye cyane.
Gutezimbere kwibanda ku nganda, monomer kwagura igipimo, intambwe yingenzi cyane ni iterambere rya horizontal, inzitizi ziterambere rya horizontal, cyane cyane gukenera kurenga imipaka kandi imishinga ishobora kuba ibikoresho byiza byoguhagarika imari, kandi bigira uruhare runini Uruhare mu murwa mukuru, hamwe nimbaraga nziza zishoramari, mugihe twirinze ingaruka mbi zishoramari, birashoboka cyane ko ugomba kurenga imipaka yinganda, Harimo guca ibitekerezo bimwe na bimwe bya conservateurs cyangwa sisitemu ikaze mubucuruzi bwambere, kimwe namategeko amwe atavuzwe kandi n'ibindi.
Inganda zubutaka cyane nko kwigana, kwigana ibicuruzwa, kwigana umuyoboro, imiterere yubuyobozi nabyo nko kwigana.Mu guhanga udushya, guhanga udushya, imishinga yububumbyi bwaragabanutse cyane, ariko ubu igomba guhindura urwego.
Impamvu imwe yingenzi nukwiyongera kwibanda, byatumye hashyirwaho ibigo binini.Biragaragara ko abantu bose bangana, ubaho ubuzima bwiza cyane, nanjye ndanyuze.Nyuma yo kubaho kwizima, ubu binini nini, bikomeye birakomeye, bimwe bito nintege nke ntibizabaho.Byongeye kandi, ingaruka ziterwa n’imari shoramari, inzira yo kwishyira hamwe mu nganda, harimo icyerekezo cya politiki y’igihugu bijyanye, n’ibindi bintu biteza imbere kuzamura ibigo by’imishinga.
Hazaba hari byinshi bishya bisabwa kugirango tuzamure imitunganyirize, nkubushakashatsi ku isoko n’ishami rijyanye n’impapuro ziragenda ziba ngombwa.Hano hari kugenzura ibitekerezo rusange, kumva ibitekerezo byabaturage, mbere yo kwamamaza byoroheje bikorwa, ubu ibigo byinshi binini bizagenzura ibitekerezo byabaturage, kubera ko igitekerezo rusange kizagira ingaruka zikomeye kuri ubu bwoko bwa sosiyete rusange, amakuru mabi azagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye. Igikorwa.
Naho kubijyanye no gucunga amasoko, kubera ko hari benshi muri iki gihe mu ruganda ruzamuka rufite ubushobozi bwarwo bwo gukora ntibuhagije, bakeneye kongera igipimo cy’ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro hanze, kugira ngo habeho ireme ry’ibicuruzwa bitangwa hanze, birakenewe ko kongerera ubushobozi ubushobozi no kugena imiterere, cyane cyane bamwe bemeza uburyo bwuruganda rwamabahasha rwamabahasha, bazasaba abafatanyabikorwa hakurikijwe ibisabwa n’umushinga bwite w’ubuyobozi ndetse n’ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ubuziranenge, Ndetse bazohereza amakipe mu buryo butaziguye gushimangira imbogamizi, zikeneye gushimangira ubushobozi bw’umuteguro kandi impano yo kubaka itsinda ryumushinga.Mubikorwa byo kuzamura ibigo byimishinga, impano nimwe ihuza cyane.Kuva kera, inganda zubukorikori zabaye inganda zifunze cyane, impano zumwuga zirashobora guturuka mubigo byububumbyi nububumbyi, ibice bibiri bizwi nka Huangpu yinganda zubutaka, ariko inganda zububumbyi zateye imbere mumyaka 30, kandi igisekuru cya mbere cyabantu ceramic bagomba kuva buhoro buhoro cyangwa gusezera kurwego rwa kabiri.Noneho ubu imitunganyirize yinganda zimwe na zimwe zubutaka nini cyane kuruta iyambere, ihura n’ibidukikije bitandukanye mu guhatanira amasoko, ikeneye impano zumwuga mubice bitandukanye, harimo nabafite uburambe bwambukiranya imipaka, nka interineti nibikoresho byo murugo, buriwese murwego.Muri rusange, inganda zubutaka usibye abakozi ba tekiniki zitanga umusaruro, izindi mpano zumwuga ziva mubindi bice zizagenda zigaragara.
Indi nzira igaragara ni uko umubare munini w'abakozi bo mu nganda zikora ubukerarugendo bazaheba, ariko bitatewe n'imyaka, ahubwo kubera ubuhanga bw'akazi.
Imwe mu mpamvu zibitera nuko uko umubare munini wibigo byavanyweho, bivuze ko abakozi benshi bazabura akazi kambere, kandi bazahura nandi marushanwa akaze nibasubira kukazi.Gusa ikintu bashobora kwishingikirizaho ni ubuhanga bwabo bwakazi kugirango bakomeze kugendana na The Times kandi barenze abo mu rungano rwabo.Impamvu ya kabiri ni uko urwego rwo kwikora mu nganda zubukorikori rugenda rwiyongera mu myaka yashize.Kurugero, robot zitwara amatafari numurongo wo gupakira byikora bigenda byamamara.Mubyukuri, ntamuntu numwe mubantu bateye imbere berekanwe mubutaliyani mumyaka mike ishize.Hamwe na artile yo murugo ihenze kandi ihenze cyane, imashini ihendutse kandi ihendutse, urunigi rwamakuru, tekinoroji yo kugenzura iragenda itera imbere, inganda zubukorikori bwubwenge nazo zizatera imbere iterambere, imashini isimbuza inzira yubukorikori iragaragara cyane.Ibintu ni nkukugenda hejuru, ntabwo gutera imbere ni ugusubira inyuma.Imbere yo guhuza nuburyo bushya bwo guhatana, indashyikirwa mu nganda zizita cyane ku mahugurwa no kwiga.Kuva mu kigo ubwacyo, hazibandwa cyane ku mahugurwa, n'amahugurwa agamije.Binyuze mu mahugurwa, abakozi barashobora kwiga neza ibitekerezo bishya, ubumenyi bushya, icyitegererezo gishya, ubumenyi bushya.Ukurikije abantu ku giti cyabo, abashobora kuguma ndetse bakanatera imbere mu mpinduka zikomeye z’inganda mu bihe biri imbere bagomba kuba itsinda ryabantu bafite ubumenyi bwo kwiga no kumenya.Kwishyuza, kwiyubaka, ngira ngo bizaba inzira nshya mu nganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-07-2022